Are People Obedient essays

Are People Obedient papers ARE PEOPLE OBEDIENT? By Queron Thompson Does everybody in the public eye conflict with what they put stock in only to fulfill a power figure? Stanley Milgrams Perils Of Obedience communicates that the vast majority of society bolsters the power figure paying little heed to their very own beliefs. Milgram says to the peruser, For some individuals, submission is a profoundly instilled social inclination, to be sure a strong drive superseding preparing in morals, compassion, and good lead (Milgram 606). Is Milgrams articulation disclosing to us dutifulness is an unrivaled power in todays society? Two creators, George Orwell and Langston Hughes, give us occurrences that help Milgrams discoveries. George Orwells work, Shooting an Elephant, can be utilized for instance of Milgrams revelations. He reviews a record of himself as a British cop called upon to make a move against a hawkish elephant rampaging through a little Burmese Village. Orwell makes it a point to show that the locals of the town, who at some other time would have viewed the him in disapproval, are presently backing him with expectations of the creatures annihilation. Orwell acknowledges it is very pointless to execute the creature, yet does it in any case. For what reason may you inquire? Milgrims discoveries on people groups compliance to power can be viewed as a response to this inquiry. In the perusing Orwell says, And abruptly I understood that I ought to need to shoot the elephant all things considered. The individuals expected it of me and I had got the chance to do it: I could feel their 2,000 wills squeezing me forward, irresistibly.(Orwell 771). With this announcement, we can without much of a stretch decide the job the locals take on. Out of nowhere, they have assumed the job of the position figure and Orwell the adjusting resident. In Milgrams Perils Of Obedience, the test sub ... <!

Science Of Dreams Essays - Dream, Neurophysiology, Sleep

Study Of Dreams The Science of Dreams A fantasy is a presentation, normally visual, that happens during the night while we stay in bed request to manage and asses the things that we have managed during the day. A fantasy is a recalled buildup as innovatively gathered visual metaphors(Guiley). In 1900 Sigmund Freud wrote in The Interpretation of Dreams that fantasies are camouflaged wishes emerging from ones oblivious brain. Having been stifled by the cognizant psyche, the desires sneak into the dozing mind as dreams. Due to electoencephalograph machine that recorded the quick eye development during rest and examination into the physical idea of dreaming, Freud's hypothesis has been generally refuted. There is no authoritative answer with regards to what a fantasy is. There is a seething discussion over the neuroscientific perspective and the psychoanalytical perspective about what it is that really causes dreams. In the following scarcely any passages I will take a gander at the proposed answers from both the neuroscientific and psychoanalytical The way toward dreaming begins in the cerebrum stem and is constrained by two synapses that in influence turn the fantasies on and of. The one that turns the fantasies on utilizes acetylcholine to start the fantasy, and the part that kills the fantasy employments norepinephrine and serotonin to end the fantasy sequence.When the norepinephrine and serotonin are stifled, the other substance, acetylcholine permits electrical signs to the cortex. Norepinephrine and serotonin are important to engrave the fantasies into your long term memory. This may clarify why we overlook most we had always wanted. Since the two synthetic substances are stifled during the dreaming procedure, most dreams are not put away in the long haul memory of our brains. The cerebrum stem neurons additionally start a sinusoidal wave known as theta beat the hippocampus, a cerebrum structure that appears as though an ocean horse which is accepted to be answerable for the capacity of memory. While this occurs, the nerves that generally convey data from our general surroundings shut down(Guiley). In the event that the fantasy occurs during the REM period of rest, the individual dozing will experience an expanded pulse and a brief loss of motion. To keep the sleeper from showcasing the fantasy, the mind freezes the solid action. Tests have been finished on felines where the nueral filaments that freeze the development during REM rest were evacuated. This brought about the felines strolling around and carrying on there dreams. A few individuals do carry on there dreams. This issue can be treated by a medication called Clonazepam which is additionally used to treat epilepsy. Dreams are distinctive as indicated by when the fantasy happens according to the period of rest. During the REM phase of rest and at different occasions or non-REM rest. There are four phases of rest. As the sleeper experiences the phases of rest the cerebrum waves decline in recurrence. After the sleeper experiences the four phases of rest, the sleeper revisit the phases until they are back in stage one. This stage bone is known as the Rising Stage One. This is the time where the majority of the REM dreaming happens. In mid 1953 is the point at which the physical study of dreams truly started when scientists at the University of Chicago found physical signs like quick eye development and mind wave designs that flagged that fantasies were in progress. Generally the entirety of the exploration since at that point has concentrated on the REM phase of rest. All warm blooded animals, and even a couple of flying creatures and reptiles experience the REM phase of rest. In people as we get more established less time is spent in the REM phase of rest. Babies invest generally the entirety of their energy in the REM stage and new borns spend a normal of eight hours every day in REM rest. 50% of rest of newborn children and little kids is spent in REM rest. Grown-ups rest is for the most part around twenty percent REM rest, and for more seasoned individuals just fifteen percent of rest is spent in the REM phase of rest. Numerous researcher accept this is on the grounds that that REM rest has an influence in the learning procedure and is increasingly significant for the more youthful sleepers(Ackroyd). Eventhough REM rest has gotten the entirety of the consideration with regards to examine, it must be remebered that we don't simply dream in the REM stage. NREM are the fantasies that are generally increasingly consistent and are bound to

Fellowship Opportunity for New Admits Fall 2010-Spring 2011 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Fellowship Opportunity for New Admits Fall 2010-Spring 2011 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Last year a newly admitted follower of this blog won the following award I hope for repeat performance this year.   Deadline to apply is April 15, 2010. The Fund for Global Environment and Conflict Resolution, The Center for International Conflict Resolution and The Italian Ministry for Environment, Land and Sea Masters Fellows: Fall 2010-Spring 2011 Overview The fellowships for Masters students will be awarded to two, incoming and/or current students from the School of International and Public Affairs (SIPA) at Columbia University who have demonstrated excellence in the fields of conflict prevention, conflict resolution, post-conflict reconstruction, sustainable development, security and the global environment. The Fellowship is open to incoming and current SIPA graduate students and will be for two full semesters; the fellowship is designed to foster new scholarly experts in the following countries or regions: Italy, the Balkans, Iraq, Afghanistan, Peru, Colombia, China, the Middle East, and/or North Africa; therefore, preference will be given to applicants from the foregoing countries or regions. All applicants should submit their candidature by 15 April 2010. The decision will be undertaken by a selection committee at CICR, and will be announced in July. All decisions are final, and applications received after the 15 April 2010 will not be accepted. The research work of the selected fellows will involve 10-15 hours of work per week at CICR. The research will revolve around lessons learned and best practices regarding environmental concerns and the role of climate change in three specific fields with various geographical areas of focus: Conflict prevention and control in areas where current tensions indicate the potential for conflict, specifically China, the Middle East, and North Africa Conflict resolution with respect to conflict and post-conflict areas, specifically the Balkans, Iraq, Afghanistan, Peru and Colombia. International security in general in the Balkans, Iraq, Afghanistan, Peru, Colombia, China, the Middle East, and/or North Africa. The Fellows will be awarded $9,000 towards their university fees each semester and a stipend of $500 per month over the course of the academic year (nine months), and will be known as an “Empedocle Maffia Fellows”. Application Process A successful application will include: I. A completed application form (to be provided). II. 500-800 word essay detailing candidate’s motivation for applying to the Global Fund for Environment and Conflict Resolution at CICR. III. Current CV/Resume and copy of passport and visa where appropriate. IV. Minimum one, maximum three recommendation letter(s). The applications should be sent when fully completed to CICR’s Assistant Director, Josie Lianna Kaye at CICRapplications@columbia.edu with the title GECR: Masters Candidate. Masters Fellows 2010 Application Link

Essay about The Hazards of Ocean Pollution - 803 Words

The Hazards of Ocean Pollution Basic Facts Ocean Pollution is a serious issue in todays global politics. The delicate balance of Earths ecosystem is put in jeopardy when the ocean is not clean. Problem evolving from ocean pollution directly harm marine life and indirectly affect human health and the Earths many valuable resources. Ocean Pollution is a Broad term that encpompasses any and all foregin matter that directly or indirectly makes its way into the ocean. This includes everything from the extreme: oil spills, Toxic Waste dumping and industrial dumping-- to the small scael: human activities and basic carelessness. Because the oceans and all other water bodies are invariably, somehow connected, and because they account for†¦show more content†¦in 1983, MARPOL or the Marine Pollution Clean up Act was put into effect. MARPOL greatly helped in reducing accidental and operational oil discharges, in fact, they were responsible for a 60% reduction in 1980s oceanic oil pollution. One of their main requirments was the installation and use of oil pollution prevention equipment on tanks and ships. They also instituted prohibitions on discharges within certain distances of land. Big Spills are usually caused by ship wrecks and carrier leakage. Routine Maintenence of these carriers and takns accounts for some of the pollution as it results in discharge leakage. 363 million of the gallons is runoff pollution from land drillingthat leaks into nearby water bodies, as well as Industrial and individual waste. Air Pollution also accounts for oceanic oil pollution as industrial and transportational exhaust in the form of hydrocarbons are washed by rain onto the ocean. Offshore drilling leakes directly into the ocean. Lastly, natural seeps for eroding rocks and natural resources also account for 62 million gallons of the pollution. It is important to note that Anthropogenic causes have increased the natural leakage of oil by more than 10 times! 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Water pollution has increased dramatically affecting our food system including, drinking water, and our environment.Water pollution is generally caused by human activities but may also be caused by natural resources. Before the 19th century Industrial Revolution, people in the industrialized environment believed that the oceans were too big to be polluted, so the problem of the water pollution has dragged along with it. Today, estimating around 7 billion

Computerized Technology Influenced The Stage And Lighting...

Question: To what extent has the advancement of computerized technology influenced the stage and lighting design of theatre Introduction: Theatre has come a long way from when it first started with regard to the set designs of the plays and musicals. When the sets were first designed the props would either stay on the stage as a permanent structure the whole time or you needed to have the stage crew come out and move the props and scenery. Now with the advancement of technology you can program a computer to move the objects and scenery on the stage instead of having people move each of the objects. This helps to give the plays more of a realist feeling because the play feels like it flows like life does without the interruption of people coming out to change the stage or having to use ropes to move the set. Two men that have lived through and worked as the times are changing are Bob Crowley and Tony Walton. These two men are both current set designers and they have both lived through the transition from having people move the set to now having it controlled by computers. Both of these men have designed numerous shows and have won countless awards for their outstanding work at designing the set for every play they do. Background information: Bob crowley was Born in Cork, Ireland. He trained at the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School. He has designed over 20 productions for the National Theatre. He has also designed numerous productions for the Royal Shakespeare Company. He is aShow MoreRelatedMarketing Management130471 Words   |  522 Pages24 25 26 27 28 29 Unit Title Marketing management – an introduction Marketing environment Marketing with other functional areas of management Market segmentation Market targeting and positioning Product management Brand management Pricing Channel design and management Retailing and Wholesaling Integrated Marketing Communication Advertising management Sales promotion Personal selling Public relations Understanding individual consumer behaviour Understanding industrial consumer behaviour Customer satisfactionRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 PagesContract theory analysis of managerial accounting issues Stanley Baiman 3. Reframing manageme nt accounting practice: a diversity of perspectives Jane Baxter and Wai Fong Chua 4. Management accounting and digitization Alnoor Bhimani 5. The contingent design of performance measures Robert H. Chenhall 6. Integrated cost management Robin Cooper and Regine Slagmulder 7. Capital bugeting and informational impediments: a management accounting perspective Lawrence A. Gordon, Martin P. Loeb, and Chih-Yang TsengRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 PagesWide Web at: www.pearsoned.co.uk First published 2007  © Pearson Education Limited 2007 The rights of Joanne Duberley, Phil Johnson and John McAuley to be identified as authors of this work have been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without either the priorRead MoreSe curity Forces51988 Words   |  208 Pagesshould be consistently reviewed and revised. Additionally, ROEs should be carefully scrutinized to ensure the lives and health of military personnel involved in joint operations is not endangered. In multinational operations, use of force may be influenced by coalition or allied force ROEs. Commanders at all levels must take proactive steps to ensure an understanding of ROEs and influence changes as appropriate. Since the domestic law of some nations may be more restrictive concerning the use of force

Disjunction of Senses in Modern City Life Free Essays

Disjunction of Senses in Modern City life In his chapter â€Å"City Life and the Senses,† John Urry discusses how the senses system operates in â€Å"open societies† of streams of crowds in open space. The five senses are comprised by the visual, auditory, touch, taste, and olfactory. Urry views visuality as an ambivalent force that is prioritized above the other sense through the developments of centuries and somewhat abused by as visual sense becomes increasingly accelerated in the city life dominated by technology. We will write a custom essay sample on Disjunction of Senses in Modern City Life or any similar topic only for you Order Now The imbalance in the sensed environment is magnified by the physical natures of the senses themselves, but the inexpedience in this discrepancy is a product of civilization, implying that visuality and other senses are capable of interacting collaboratively under a hierarchy for a city life that â€Å"plays to all the senses. † The innate features of eyes provide the power for the visual sense. Light travels almost instantaneously while other mediums, like voice, are air-borne. Signals emitted by the sender are instantaneously received by the viewer. While sound and scent can collect their input from all directions and frequencies, sight is focused and specified. Urry mentions Simmel’s argument that â€Å"the eye is a unique ‘sociological achievement’† which â€Å"produces extraordinary moments of intimacy. † Uninterrupted interactions between the eyes carry â€Å"the history of their life and †¦the times dowry of nature. † These characteristics allows â€Å"the eye to [objectify] and [master]† more than the other senses. One could choose to close his eyes when the objects do not reach the expectation. Thus, vision possesses a seemingly superior ability to judge objects from specified angels. Another nature of the eye is that it can act as a delicate measuring tool that collects a vast amount of information. As Urry shows, the eye â€Å"sets a distance, and maintains a distance. † Consequently, this capacity to carry and discharge information â€Å"enables the world to be controlled at a distance, combining detachment and mastery† and communication between individuals â€Å"produces the ‘most complete reciprocity’ of person to person, face to face. In addition, Technology adds a new dimension to the existing complexity of visual dominance in the spatiality of sense. The implementation of modern technologies further enlarges the prioritizing of vision. Urry writes that â€Å"vision was given an especially powerful role in the modern era. † Cell phones, emails, and video chatting messengers, like Skype connect people wirelessly. Touch and smell no l onger factor into the interactions such that it is no longer necessary for the physical presence of a person for communication. People seek increasingly greater standards for technologies that appeal to the visual sense. Modern innovations, for example, have advanced television from black-and-white to color to LED display to plasmid and recently to HDTV for ever improved visual experience. In contrast, there have been few advances in the auditory capabilities of modern inventions. The radio remains mostly unchanged through the past half century. The contrast between technological advances caters again to an assumed superiority of vision over the other sense. However, visuality has its limitations. We have abused the bestowed privilege while the human activities in modern society favor the development of visual sense. â€Å"According to Urry, â€Å"the city both is fascinated with, and hugely denigrates, the visual. † The moment the look dominates, the boy loses its materiality. † The mind becomes biased and receives false information about the truth as our eyes are more involved in working and recreational activities. For example, when shopping for luxury commodity, without â€Å"touching,† people sometimes believe in their visual judgment of the authenticity of the product. Besides, the eye turns vulnerable due to excessive usage. More and more people are optically corrected with glasses and contacts. Hand-free products grow multiplicatively popular thanks to its ability to dilution the burden of visual sense. Meanwhile, other senses are essential in that their importance is exemplified by the vast number of common expressions in daily speech. â€Å"Each sense gives rise to metaphors which attest to the relative importance of each within everyday life. People use expressions like â€Å"sounds good to me† and â€Å"it rings a bell,† attesting to the importance of the auditory realm. The auditory sense plays an important role in our learning process. From infancy, we are exposed mostly to sound while we are still â€Å"blind† about what is happening in the world. Then, we start to learn to talk by listening to our parents and are able to identify objects by connecting things we see with their auditory equivalents. In school, lecturin g is an indispensible portion of learning. Most students prefer learning from their instructors over reading the books and trying to understand the material. Furthermore, there are activities involving other senses that are insubstitutional by visuality. Music is a discipline in which visual sense is ineffective. Determining a keynote of melody, for some people, is an even more proficient mastery than visuality. Indeed, each division of the sensed system attempts to adapt to the evolving spatiality as the open societies become gradually civilized. Urry suggests that no matter which coordinates we use, â€Å"a threshold of effect of a particular sense which has to be met before another sense is operative. † This is not quite true. Multiple senses are certainly capable of coexisting in a parallel manner, and they should cooperate under a hierarchy between different senses. The concept â€Å"sensuous geography,† which connects together analyses of body, sense, and space,† should be introduced when examining the issue. The significance of the open societies is to encourage communication and mixture between senses and to achieve spatial complementarities. For instance, â€Å"sight is not seen as the noblest of the senses but as the most superficial, as getting in the way of real experiences that should involve other sense and necessitate much longer periods of time in order to be immerses in the site. † People have come up with approaches such that we can integrate the senses together to be truly reciprocal not within itself, but rather among the divisions to illustrate a decent understanding of city life that is composed. When someone visits a landscape, he or she can carry an electronic mobile auditory guide with them which plays an audio introduction of the spot. The device not only facilitates and enhances visual experience, but also alters the perception of the surrounding space for the tourist because â€Å"each sense contributes to people’s orientation in space. † Failure to do so may lead them to be insensitive and incapacitated. It is inevitable that the senses system has developed unequally as the open societies refine. Although visuality plays an essential role in city life, we ought not to overlook the rest of senses, such as previously discussed auditory sense. On the other hand, it is imperative to have a hierarchy for the five senses to operate cooperatively. Nevertheless, senses system may still remain stagnant in suburban cities, or closed societies, where people are not congested by technologies and crowds. Despite of their disparate spatiality and sensed environment, we shall consider the alternative account of sensing nature to assist our understanding of city life in open societies. Bibliography â€Å"City Life and the Senses. † Urry, John. A compaion to the city. Blackwell Publishing, 200. 388-397. Wikipeadia. 27 9 2008 lt;http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Auditory_learninggt;. How to cite Disjunction of Senses in Modern City Life, Papers

Night Essays (1187 words) - Holocaust Literature, Night,

Night "Where is God now? (A man behind me asked)...He is hanging here on this gallows..." This is where the Holocaust left young Elie. It left him with a feeling that there is no God, or if there is, he is not as wonderful as everyone has been proclaiming that he is. The story begins in the small town of Sighet near Transylvania were Elie lived with his parents and two little sisters. Elie studied the Talmud during the day and spent his evenings in Synagogue praying. His life revolved around his undying faith and love for God. He loved God and the Jewish faith so much that he often cried while he was praying. He and his family lived without fear and in happiness until some of the people of Sighet were deported. One of them, Moche the Beadle, returned with stories of Jews being slaughtered and babies being tortured and used as firing practice. The stories were dismissed as crazy and they told themselves that they were all safe. They believed they were in the peaceful hands of God. Unfortunately, in 1944 German troops moved into their town. They set up ghettos and controlled their lives with fear. The people of Sighet were forced to leave their homes. They were packed into cattle wagon trains and given buckets of water and bread to eat. They stayed in the train for many days and were not allowed to get out to go to the bathroom so they were condemned to live amidst filth. Some people started going crazy. One old woman screamed almost the entire time about flames and burning flesh. Little did everyone know that what she was yelling about was the fate of everyone in her company. When they finally arrived in Birkenau, they exited the train to the smell of burning flesh and the sight of smoke and flames. When they got into the camp Elie and his father were separated from his mother and two little sisters. They did not realize immediately that they would never see them again. After they were separated they were told to march in a line that was heading directly toward a tremendous hole in the ground in which the charred remains of Jewish corpses could be seen. It is then that Elie begins to wonder why it is that he has been blessing God. The people around him had begun to say a prayer for the dead and for themselves. He wonders why he should bother? No God that he knows would let such evil go on, therefore there must be no God. People around him were asking the same questions. Others told them that God was testing their faith and if they kept themselves strong and survived for as long as they could, God would be pleased and they would be blessed. They continued marching straight up to the edge of the ditch with faith in their hearts and were suddenly told to turn left into barracks. Elie and his father were given tips by men that had been in the camp longer about how the Germans were working and how to survive. They were told what you had to say and how you had to act in order to stay alive longer. All Elie cared about was not being separated from his father. For over a year they were forced to live and work in extreme conditions. They were made to walk miles on little sleep and even less food for continuous hours and days at a time. Men were beaten and killed for their hunger, fear, sickness and exhaustion. They had to endure the stress of selection where they were briefly examined and were selected to be killed because their weakness was a drain on the camp. Elie's father grew very sick and became very weak. One day while he was calling for Elie to help and comfort him guards at their camp beat him. When Elie woke up the next morning his father was gone from his bed, inevitably taken to a crematory. A few weeks after he and many other Jews were set free. ~* Review *~ Night is an amazingly thought provoking and touching story. The descriptions of the horrors that Elie faced grab you and make you understand completely what kind of pain he and everyone else faced. This book was written to show how exactly horrendous the Holocaust was. It also shows you how evil can destroy persons belief in something that they hold dear,

Evaluation of Gender Inequality (Through the World, Time, and Of Mice and Men) Essay Example

Evaluation of Gender Inequality (Through the World, Time, and Of Mice and Men) Essay Example Evaluation of Gender Inequality (Through the World, Time, and Of Mice and Men) Essay Evaluation of Gender Inequality (Through the World, Time, and Of Mice and Men) Essay Gender Equality throughout the World, Time, and Fiction Charlotte Bronte wrote in Jane Eyre, l am no bird; and no net ensnares me: I am a free human being with an independent will. No visible net ensnares womankind. However, long have women been viewed and treated as unequal to their male counterparts. This inequality is alive everywhere. As displayed in Of Mice and Men, gender inequality is alive even in fiction. Gender equality has been an ongoing struggle in fiction and reality, our country and foreign countries, and in the past and the present. Gender inequality effects the people of the entire world. For example, there are major issues involving gender in Egypt. In Egypt, there are the sparks of movements trying to introduce women into government without challenging the reigning Brotherhood. Another place that struggles with gender inequality is the U. S. where women representation in government is very low. Only 17 out of 100 senate seats are held by women. Even in the U. S. , one of the most highly regarded nations in the world, women are not entirely equal. Gender inequality has effected people all through time. In example, it wasnt until the 1920s that women could vote in the U. S. Women have long been considered less than their male counterparts. Only recently have women put a dent in the extreme patriarchy that has existed all through history. Today, women still are of unequal representation, pay, and rights across the globe. For example, in the U. S. today, there mans dollar as pay for the same positions. This is one example of how inequality lingers in modern day first world countries. Gender inequality is also existent in both reality and fiction. We have already given any examples of real cases and statistics including representation and wage gaps. However, there is also gender inequality in the fictional world. For example, in Of Mice and Men, Curlys wife is a prime example of gender struggles. She is constantly being marginalized. She is viewed as a thing that would get Lennie in trouble instead of an actual person. Even her name is never spoken. She is referred to as Curlys wife which reaffirms Curlys ownership over her and her status as a possession or an object instead of a human being. When her dead body is found, the first and only omment made of her death was along the lines of, Poor boy. Curlys wifes death was seen as nothing but something unfortunate for Lennie. This contributes to the pile of evidence that can conclude that Curlys wife was considered a mere object. Through time, in foreign countries, and even in between pages, gender inequality has been a constant struggle. Charlotte Bronte wrote that she, a woman, is no bird. A woman, after having a net thrown on her and her fellows time and time again, must decide to declare that they are not a bird, but a human being. Human beings arent o be ensnared. It is said that the first step of fixing a problem is the recognition that it exists. So, women must understand that the net encompassing them is not a blanket, but a prison. Together, womankind must stand and declare, We are not birds. Hopefully, these examples of gender inequality is bringing more attention to the net. Hopefully, the realization will dawn that gender inequality is thriving among us and will not die out on its own. It has existed everywhere, always. A mighty effort is to be made to begin the reversal of this inequality and injustice.

ELLIS Surname Meaning and Family History

ELLIS Surname Meaning and Family History One of several popular names in medieval England derived from the Hebrew personal name Elijah, or the Greek Elias (Hebrew Eliyyahu),  meaning my God is Yahweh. In Old English the name was often spelled Elis or Elys. In Wales the Ellis surname derived from the Welsh personal name Elisedd, a derivative of elus, meaning kindly, benevolent. Surname Origin:  English, Welsh Alternate Surname Spellings: ELIS, ELYS, ELIES,  ELLISS, ELIX, ELICE, ELLICE, ELIAS, ELS, ELES, ALCE, ALES, ALIS, ALLACE, ALLES, ALLESS, ALLIS, ALLISS Famous People With the ELLIS Surname Albert Ellis - American psychologistAlton Ellis - Jamaican singer-songwriterNelsan Ellis - American theater and television actorPerry Ellis - American fashion designerC. P. (Claiborne Paul) Ellis -  American Ku Klux Klan leader turned civil rights activistDonald Johnson Don Ellis -  American jazz trumpeter, drummer, composer and bandleaderGeorge James Welbore Agar-Ellis - 1st Baron Dover; British politicianWilliam Ellis -  English  missionary and author Where Is the ELLIS  Last Name Most Common? Ellis, according to surname data from Forebears, is the 1,446th  most common surname in the world. It is most prevalent in the United States, where it ranks 113th, but it is used by a greater percentage of the population in Wales (45th), England (75th), and Jamaica (66th). Within Wales, the Ellis surname is found most frequently in the North, especially Flintshire (where it ranks 12th), Denbigshire (14th) and Caernarfonshire (16th). In England, it is most common in Devon (17th). WorldNames PublicProfiler has the Ellis surname as most commonly found in the United Kingdom, with the greatest numbers of individuals clustered in northern Wales and Yorkshire and Humberside, England. Genealogy Resources for the Surname ELLIS English Surname Meanings and OriginsUncover the meaning of your English last name with this guide to English surname meanings and origins. How to Research English  AncestryLearn how to research your English family tree with this guide to genealogical records in England and Wales, including birth, marriage, death, census, military and church records. Ellis Surname DNA ProjectA central site for individuals with the Ellis or variant surname  who want to participate in Family Tree DNA testing to learn about their Ellis ancestors and where and who they came from. Ellis  Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as an Ellis  family crest or coat of arms for the Ellis surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male-line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. ELLIS Family Genealogy ForumFree message board is focused on descendants of Ellis ancestors around the world. FamilySearch - ELLIS  GenealogyExplore over 4.5  million  historical records which mention individuals with the Ellis surname, as well as online Ellis family trees on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. ELLIS Surname Mailing ListFree mailing list for researchers of the Ellis surname and its variations includes subscription details and a searchable archives of past messages. GeneaNet - Ellis  RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Ellis  surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries. The Ellis  Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse family trees and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the last name Ellis  from the website of Genealogy Today. References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967.Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998.Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003.Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003.Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997.Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997. https://www.thoughtco.com/surname-meanings-and-origins-s2-1422408

Techonolog Discusssion 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Techonolog Discusssion 3 - Essay Example There are various ‘Internet filtering software’ available to date. Two of them are Mcafee Safe eyes and Cyber Patrol. Mcafee Safe eyes allow users to control social networking and email accounts. Moreover, it also restricts certain keywords entered in search engines so that parental control can be applied to certain pornographic materials on the web (Internet filter software review 2012). Furthermore, it also allows setting the time limit for Internet usage. On the other hand, Cyber Patrol provides parameters for websites to be blocked, as they can be categorized in the black list and the allowed sites can be categorized in the white list (Internet filter software review 2012). In terms of user ratings, as per ‘internet-filter-review.toptenreviews.com’, Mcafee gains five stars in categories such as feature set, ease of use, ease of installation and filtering effectiveness. On the other hand, Cyber patrol gains 3 stars in all these three categories. The Children’s Internet Protection Act (CIPA) focuses on issues associated with offensive material on the Internet that can be viewed on school and library computers. Likewise, CIPA enforces certain requirements on schools and libraries that are funded by E-rate programs. The E-rate program facilitates to make information technology more affordable to the eligible schools and libraries. Likewise, schools that are subjected to CIPA must establish an Internet safety policy that will address some of the clause provided below (Childrens internet protection act, n.d): The Childrens Online Privacy Protection Act COPPA is an act that is applicable to online collection of personal information from the age groups of 13 year old. Likewise, from April 1st 2000, a privacy policy is mandatory that will address how and when to find the verifiable consent from a guardian along with the responsibilities of an operator with regards to age

Java technology related to this tool Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Java technology related to this tool - Essay Example Besides, java is advantageous because it is more secure. Unlike other programming languages such as C++, java has a highly protected interpreter, compiler, compatible browser and runtime environment. This is a good idea since it helps it to ensure that the safety of all records is taken into account. Thus, any data stored in the system can not be compromised whatsoever. In other words, it is very secure software which can be entrusted with the bank and the clients’ records at all times. Last, but by no means the least, java programming language can be useful in the designing and maintenance of the money tracker because of its simplicity. It has got several features that make it to be easier to operate. These include a small number of language constructs, garbage collections and an automatic memory allocation. At the same time, it is equipped with a very clear syntax. These actually make it easier to operate by the programmer, bank’s management and individual

Early Years Foundation Stage Guidelines

Early Years Foundation Stage Guidelines Hasana khan Explain the observation, assessment and planning cycle. The EYFS requires practitioners to plan activities and play opportunities that will support children’s learning while supporting the areas of learning within the EYFS. Practitioners must plan carefully so that individual children’s needs are met and that the activities and play opportunities help children progress towards their early learning goals. Planning, observation and assessment contribute to supporting the learning and development requirements of children. Observing individual children carefully can help to identify what their needs and interests are. To ensure that practitioners meet the needs of individual children it is important that the follow the observation, assessment and planning cycle. Observation is when practitioners observe/watch children to understand their interests, needs and learning styles. Observing children is a useful process as it provides information which the practitioners can use to support the children when planning and preparing activi ties for them. Observations should be made in a range of contexts, for example they should be done during independent play, during everyday routines and also when the child is engaged in play with others. EYFS MAY 2008 â€Å"planning should be flexible enough to adapt to circumstances†. Observing children will also enable practitioners to understand what their current stage of development is. Without the process of observation practitioners will not be able to fully support the children as they will not have a clear idea on what the child’s needs and interests are. Practitioners must ensure that they gain parent’s permission before they carry out any observations on the children because some parents may not want their child to be observed. During observation practitioners need to look, listen and record what they see in the observation, they must not involve themselves in the observation as it may affect what the child is doing. An assessment is when practitioners analyse observations to see what they tell them about a child. Accurate assessments enable practitioners to make judgements which lead to action to support individual children. They help each child to de velop and learn by ensuring that the practitioners provide children with appropriate experiences and opportunities. Practitioners gather the information in their observations to identify aspects of the child’s learning and development. By doing this it will enable them to assess what a child’s needs and requirements are and how well they can be supported. The final part of the cycle is planning, this is when practitioners then use the information that they have gathered to plan for the child. This could include planning experiences and opportunities that the child could benefit from and also ensuring that the environment is suitable and the child has access to appropriate resources. The practitioner will also need to plan what their role will be in supporting children with their learning and development. Practitioners must ensure that they include each area of learning and development through planning, purposeful play and through a mix of adult-led and child initiated activity. Practitioners must ensure that their planning reflects and supports children’s current interests, learning styles and the stage of development of each child. The planning process enables practitioners to contribute and understand the experiences that they have planned for the children. Practitioners can also ensure that parents and children have a voice in the planning process, for example children can share their feelings and activities that they want to take part in. Parents can also share their knowledge of their child and any additional support that they may require. Observation, assessment and planning all feed into one another and contribute to our knowledge about the child enabling the practitioners to fully support the needs, requirements, learning and development of each child. Describe how to develop planning for individual children. When working with children practitioners will find that they are required to plan activities and experiences for children which support their learning and development. EYFS MAY 2008 â€Å"good planning is the key to making children’s learning effective, exciting varied and progressive†. Practitioners need to ensure that they plan activities which are linked with the different areas of learning within the EYFS. Practitioners must also ensure that they plan and prepare activities which meet the individual needs and requirements of the children. When planning for the children the practitioners need to bear in mind that whatever is planned for the child is age and stage appropriate and suitable for the child to take part in. There are many different sources that an individual can use the help them when planning for the children, for example each child has their own interests and preferences and they may enjoy playing more with some toys that they do with others. A practitio ner can use a child’s interest and make an activity more exciting and challenging for the child. This will also enable the child to learn new things as well as taking part in something that they enjoy doing. Regular observations and assessments support the practitioner when planning for a child because a lot of information can be processed as the practitioner is able to physically see what a child likes/dislikes doing. Observing the children helps the individual indentify a child’s needs, interests and any additional support that they may require to support their learning and development. EYFS MAY 2008 â€Å"planning should include all children, including those with additional needs†. Practitioners must ensure that they make full use of the observations gained in order to support the child and ensure that their needs are fully met. Within the setting the practitioners can work in partnership with parents/carer’s as stated in the EYFS in order to ensure that they are also included with their child’s learning and development. Parents/carer’s will be able to share information with the practitioners about what the child is like at home and what interest and needs that they may have. Parents/carer’s can help the practitioners with planning for the children as they will be able to identify what area a child may need support with. Sharing ideas with colleagues can be useful during planning as an individual may have noticed something about the child which was not noticed by anyone else, this can be useful as a child may be more close to one member of staff than they may be with another staff. There may be times when a practitioner is not always with the children so it is important that information is shared to ensure that all members of staff are aware on the child’s needs and interests. Within the setting some children may also be under the care of other professionals this is useful because the practitioners are then able to work alongside the professionals to share and also learn new ideas on how the child can fully be supported within each setting. The practitioners must ensure that at all times their planning reflects the different needs and interests of the children, the planning must also provide opportunities for the children where they are able to learn and gain new skills. Differentiate between formative and summative assessment methods. EYFS MAY 2008 â€Å"make informed decision about the childs progress and plan next steps to meet their development and learning needs†. When working with children practitioners will find that settings will carry out progress reviews on children’s development, these can be done every six months or on an annually basis. The practitioners will be required to provide parents with a progress report about the child’s learning and development. This will give the parents an idea on what stage their child is at with their learning and development and whether or not they may require any additional support. Practitioners must ensure that they meet the individual needs of all children through following the requirements of the EYFS and it is important to deliver personalised learning, development and care to help children get the best possible start in life. There are two formal assessments, these are a completion of the progress report at age two and also completing the lear ning and progress journey of each child during their time at the nursery. To ensure that practitioners assess the children effectively they must analyse and review the information that they have about each child’s learning and development. They then need to plan next steps to meet the individual needs of children. A formative assessment is when a practitioner keeps a record of the child’s learning and development. The practitioner will take daily observations of a child using notes and photo evidence and keep them in an individual record of the child. The record will be available for the parents to view, this will enable them to review their child’s learning and development within the setting. It will also give the parents a chance to see what their child has achieved and what stage of development they are at. Practitioners must ensure that they regularly update children’s records by including the appropriate information. Formative assessment: This is an assessment based on observations, photos, work from children or any information that a practitioner receives from the parents. It is also an ongoing assessment of children and is carried out on a regular basis through observations that practitioners gather from children. Children are also required to have a progress check done when they are aged two, this is a summary of information that has been gained about the child. Practitioners compare children to the learning areas to identify whether or not a child has achieved their learning goal for their age and stage of development. The progress checks will be given to parents as it will be a summary of the development stages a child has achieved. They will also consist of targets/goals a child will have for the future and how they will be achieved. Summative assessment: This assessment is a summary of any evidence that a practitioner gains through carrying out a formative assessment. This type of assessments are used to review childrenà ¢â‚¬â„¢s developmental progress over a period of time, they are also used to identify if a child has achieved their target/goals for their age and stage of development. This is a summary of all the formative assessments done over a longer period and makes a statement about a child’s achievements. The EYFS Profile is the summative assessment used to review children’s progress along the early learning goals. Explain the two statutory assessments that must be carried out on all children. EYFS MAY 2008 â€Å"all effective assessment involves analysing and reviewing what you know about each child’s development and learning†. When working with children practitioners need to carry out two main assessments of the children in their care, one is the EYFS progress check which is done at age two. The second assessment is the EYFS profile which summarises and describes a child’s achievements and is a record of their development. This profile is a record of the child up to the age of five up until the child leaves the nursery. These two statutory assessments check the children’s development against the seven areas of learning. The EYFS progress check requires the practitioners to make a summary of the child’s development, achievements and also state any targets or goals that need to be met in order for the child to make further progress with their development. The progress checks show the parents and practitioners any additional support that a child may require. The practitioners are required to review the children’s progress and also ensure that parents receive a written record, this will enable them to see what the child has achieved and what stage they are at with their learning and development. The key workers have the role to complete the progress checks for all of their key children. In some settings the practitioners set up parents evening where they discuss the child’s progress and also hand out the progress checks to the parents. This also gives the parents a chance to discuss their child’s learning and development and also share information or ask and questions. The progress checks are useful as they enable parents to see how they can support their child at home and also identify their needs and interest. In order to complete the progress checks the practitioners should use the findings from their daily assessments and observations that they complete on the child, this will help to give an overview on what a child can and cannot do based on their learning and development. The summary must include the information that the practitioner has gathered about a child over the period of time the child has been at the nursery. The early years profile is an assessment of the child that is done at the end of the foundation stage, practitioners must ensure that they complete a profile for every child at the end of the term. This assessment will normally be completed by the reception class teachers, it will be assessed against the seventeen learning goals which can be found in the EYFS. The early years profile will be completed using observations of the child that have been gathered on a regular basis. The profile will consist of targets that the child has met or need to meet during their time at the nursery. The practitioners must ensure that they share the Early years profile assessment with the parents so support them so that they are able to understand their child’s lea rning and development. The parents will also be able to see what their child does within the setting and any progress they are making. To ensure that practitioners fully understand on how to complete the early years profile, it is a requirement that appropriate training is given to those working within a childcare setting. http://www.northamptonshire.gov.uk/en/councilservices/children/early-learning-childcare/Pages/Observation-Assessment-and-Planning-Cycle-in-the-EYFS.aspx http://eye.boltonlea.org.uk/observation-assessment-and-planning/oap-cycle/overview http://www.ncca.biz/aistear/pdfs/guidelines_eng/assessment_eng.pdf

Do You Exist Because You Think, or Do You Think Because You Exist, or Neither? Essay

In order to consider â€Å"I exist because I think† or †I think because I exist†, I would define the â€Å"I exist because I think† as â€Å"I think† is the cause of â€Å"I exist†. This implies â€Å"I think† appear before â€Å"I exist† and cause â€Å"I exist† to happen. In the other side, â€Å"I think because I exist† would be â€Å"I exist† is the cause of â€Å"I think†. This implies â€Å"I exist† appear before â€Å"I think† and cause â€Å"I think† to happen. In terms of logic, I would say â€Å"I think because I exist â€Å" is more appropriate. It is because I must exist first, therefore I can think of my existence. Things about me or myself are impossible to happen before my existence and cause my existence. In the following paper, I would like to explain why â€Å"I exist because I think† is false and explain â€Å"I think because I exist† is true. Let me first explain why ‘I exist because I think’ is false. If ‘I exist because I think’ is true, every time when I think I exist and when I do not think, I do not exist. As I mentioned, â€Å"Think† seems to be the cause of my existence in this case. How can my thinking exist before my existence and cause my existence. Therefore, I must exist first, then I can think about â€Å"I exist† or not. In fact, every minute whatever I am conscious or not, I am existing in this world, If my body physically is existing. For example, a person whose body functionally works but loss his conscious. He is still alive but he cannot think, we cannot say he is inexistent, because he is not dead. In other word, I can exist without â€Å"I think†, but â€Å"I think† cannot be without I exist. Furthermore, as Descartes said â€Å"I think, therefore I am† to prove the indubitable truth of self-existence. He suggested that every time when we doubt that â€Å"I† exist or not, we can absolute certain that â€Å"I† am existing by this act. Then he said that the evil genius could not deceive us â€Å"I exist† because before the evil genius’s deception, â€Å"I† must exist first, then I can be deceived in some way by the evil genius. So â€Å"I exist† is indubitable truth. Similarly, to say â€Å"I think because I exist† is true, The first criterion is I ust exist first. Therefore, I can think about my existence. So â€Å"I think† must base on â€Å"I exist†. In contrast, if â€Å"I exist† is based on â€Å"I think†, this is impossible that â€Å"I think† appear before â€Å"I exist†. How can my mind and thinking exist dependently? Although some scientists may argue that brain wave w hat we call ghosts can exist after life, they may be the other forms of human thought â€Å"I think† appearing without â€Å"I exist†. However, who have seen ghost in this world? At least until today no one can prove ghosts exist in this world. So â€Å"I think† is not the cause that I can exist. However, â€Å"I exist† is the cause of I can think. To conclude, â€Å"I think† cannot exist without â€Å"I exist†. It should be â€Å"I exist† first then â€Å"I think† â€Å"I exist†. As the following diagram shows: If it is â€Å"I exist because I think†, it would be missing I exist in the first place, as below diagram shows: Nothing can exist before itself, so before I think, I must exist. In other word, â€Å"I exist† does not dependent on â€Å"I think†, but â€Å"I think† do dependent on â€Å"I exist†. Therefore, â€Å"I think because I exist† is true.

Fiscal Policy in the 1960s and 1970s

By the 1960s, policy-makers seemed wedded to Keynesian theories. But in retrospect, most Americans agree, the government then made a series of mistakes in the economic policy arena that eventually led to a reexamination of fiscal policy. After enacting a tax cut in 1964 to stimulate economic growth and reduce unemployment, President Lyndon B. Johnson (1963-1969) and Congress launched a series of expensive domestic spending programs designed to alleviate poverty. Johnson also increased military spending to pay for American involvement in the Vietnam War. These large government programs, combined with strong consumer spending, pushed the demand for goods and services beyond what the economy could produce. Wages and prices started rising. Soon, rising wages and prices fed each other in an ever-rising cycle. Such an overall increase in prices is known as inflation. Keynes had argued that during such periods of excess demand, the government should reduce spending or raise taxes to avert inflation. But anti-inflation fiscal policies are difficult to sell politically, and the government resisted shifting to them. Then, in the early 1970s, the nation was hit by a sharp rise in the international oil and food prices. This posed an acute dilemma for policy-makers. The conventional anti-inflation strategy would be to restrain demand by cutting federal spending or raising taxes. But this would have drained income from an economy already suffering from higher oil prices. The result would have been a sharp rise in unemployment. If policy-makers chose to counter the loss of income caused by rising oil prices, however, they would have had to increase spending or cut taxes. Since neither policy could increase the supply of oil or food, however, boosting demand without changing supply would merely mean higher prices. The President Carter Era President Jimmy Carter (1976 - 1980) sought to resolve the dilemma with a two-pronged strategy. He geared fiscal policy toward fighting unemployment, allowing the federal deficit to swell and establishing countercyclical jobs programs for the unemployed. To fight inflation, he established a program of voluntary wage and price controls. Neither element of this strategy worked well. By the end of the 1970s, the nation suffered both high unemployment and high inflation. While many Americans saw this stagflation as evidence that Keynesian economics did not work, another factor further reduced the governments ability to use fiscal policy to manage the economy. Deficits now seemed to be a permanent part of the fiscal scene. Deficits had emerged as a concern during the stagnant 1970s. Then, in the 1980s, they grew further as President Ronald Reagan (1981-1989) pursued a program of tax cuts and increased military spending. By 1986, the deficit had swelled to $221,000 million, or more than 22 percent of total federal spending. Now, even if the government wanted to pursue spending or tax policies to bolster demand, the deficit made such a strategy unthinkable. Note This article is adapted from the book Outline of the U.S. Economy by Conte and Carr and has been adapted with permission from the U.S. Department of State.

Syntax Definition and Examples

In linguistics, syntax refers to the rules that govern the ways in which words combine to form phrases, clauses, and sentences. The term syntax comes from the Greek, meaning arrange together. The term is also used to mean the study of the syntactic properties of a language. In computer contexts, the term refers to the proper ordering of symbols and codes so that the computer can understand what instructions are telling it to do. Syntax Syntax is the proper order of words in a phrase or sentence.Syntax is a tool used in writing proper grammatical sentences.Native speakers of a language learn correct syntax without realizing it.The complexity of a writers or speakers sentences creates a formal or informal level of diction that is presented to its audience.   Hearing and Speaking Syntax Syntax is one of the major components of grammar. Its the concept that enables people to know how to start a question with a question word (What is that?), or that adjectives generally come before the  nouns they describe (green chair), subjects often come before verbs in non-question sentences (She jogged), prepositional phrases start with prepositions (to the store), helping verbs come before main verbs (can go or will do), and so on. For native speakers, using correct syntax is something that comes naturally, as word order is learned as soon as an infant starts absorbing the language. Native speakers can tell something isnt said quite right because it sounds weird, even if they cant  detail the exact grammar rule that makes something sound off to the ear.   It is  syntax  that gives the words the power to relate to each other in a sequence...to carry meaning—of whatever kind—as well as glow individually in just the right place(Burgess 1968) Syntactic Rules   English parts of speech often follow ordering patterns in sentences and clauses, such as compound sentences are joined by conjunctions (and, but, or) or that multiple adjectives modifying the same noun follow a particular order according to their class (such as number-size-color, as in six small green chairs). The rules of how to order words help the language parts make sense. Sentences often start with a subject, followed by a  predicate (or just a verb in the simplest sentences) and contain an object or a  complement  (or both), which shows, for example, whats being acted upon. Take the sentence Beth slowly ran the race in wild, multicolored flip-flops.  The sentence follows a subject-verb-object pattern (Beth ran the race). Adverbs and adjectives take their places in front of what theyre modifying (slowly ran; wild, multicolored flip-flops). The object (the race) follows the verb ran, and the prepositional phrase (in wild, multicolored flip-flops) starts with the preposition in. Syntax vs. Diction and Formal vs. Informal   Diction refers to the style of writing or speaking that someone uses, brought about by their choice of words, whereas syntax is the order in which theyre arranged in the spoken or written sentence. Something written using a very high level of diction, like a paper published in an academic journal or a lecture given in a college classroom, is written very formally. Speaking to friends or texting are informal, meaning they have a low level of diction. It is essential to understand that the differences exist not because spoken language is a degradation of written language but because any written language, whether English or Chinese, results from centuries of development and elaboration by a small number of users.Jim Miller(Miller, 2008) Formal written works or presentations would likely also have more complex sentences or industry-specific jargon. They are directed to a more  narrow audience than something meant to be read or heard by the general public, where the audience members backgrounds will be more diverse. Precision in word choice is less exacting in informal contexts than  formal  ones, and grammar rules are more flexible in spoken language than in formal written language. Understandable English syntax is more flexible than most.   ...the odd thing about English is that no matter how much you screw sequences word up, you understood, still, like Yoda, will be. Other languages dont work that way. French?  Dieu!  Misplace a single le or la and an idea vaporizes into a sonic puff. English is flexible: you can jam it into a Cuisinart for an hour, remove it, and meaning will still emerge.†(Copeland, 2009) Types of Sentence Structures Types of sentences and their syntax modes include simple sentences, compound sentences, complex sentences, and compound-complex sentences. Compound sentences are two simple sentences joined by a conjunction. Complex sentences have dependent clauses, and compound-complex sentences have both types included. Simple sentence: Subject-verb structure (The girl ran.)Compound sentence: Subject-verb-object-conjunction-subject-verb structure (The girl ran the marathon, and her cousin did, too.)Complex sentence: Dependent clause-subject-verb-object structure (Although they were tired after the marathon, the cousins decided to go to a celebration at the park.)Compound-complex sentence: Four clauses, dependent and independent structures (Although they werent fond of crowds, this was different, they decided, because of the common goal that had brought everyone together.) Syntax Variations and Distinctions Syntax has changed some over  the development of English through the centuries. The proverb  Whoever loved that loved not at first sight?  indicates that English negatives could once be placed after main verbs (Aitchison, 2001). And not all people speak English in exactly the same way.  Social dialects  learned by people with common backgrounds—such as a social class, profession, age group, or ethnic group—also may influence the speakers syntax. Think of the differences between teenagers slang and more fluid word order and grammar vs. research scientists technical vocabulary and manner of speaking to each other.  Social dialects are also called  social varieties.   Beyond Syntax Following proper syntax doesnt guarantee that a sentence will have meaning, though. Linguist Noam Chomsky created the sentence Colorless green ideas sleep furiously, which is syntactically and grammatically correct because it has the words in the correct order and verbs that agree with subjects, but its still nonsense. With it, Chomsky showed that rules governing syntax are distinct from meanings that words convey. The  distinction between grammar and syntax has been somewhat disrupted by recent research in  lexicogrammar, which takes the words into account in grammar rules:  For example, some verbs (transitive ones, that perform an action on something) always take direct objects. A transitive (action) verb example: She removed the index card from the old recipe box. The verb is removed and the object is index card. Another example includes a transitive phrasal verb: Please look over my report before I turn it in. Look over is the phrasal verb and report is the direct object. To be a complete thought, you need to include whats being looked over. Thus, it has to have a direct object. Resources and Further Reading Aitchison, Jean. Language Change: Progress or Decay? Cambridge University, 2001.Burgess, Alan. Enderby Outside. Heinemann, 1968.Chomsky, Noam. The Logical Structure of Linguistic Theory. University of Chicago, 1985.Copeland, Douglas. Generation A: A Novel. Scribner, 2009.Miller, Jim. An Introduction to English Syntax. Edinburgh University, 2008.